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During his three years there, Needham realised that the Chinese had developed techniques and mechanisms which were centuries older than their European counterparts. In 1942, Needham was selected and appointed as a diplomat by the British government and tasked with traveling to China and assessing the situation. Chinese academics sought the help of the British government in an effort to preserve their intellectual life. In 1941, China's eastern universities were forced to relocate to the west as a result of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Two of those students, Wang Ling, and Lu Gwei-djen, would later become his collaborators on Science and Civilisation in China. Needham's interest in Chinese civilization and scientific progress grew as a result and led him to learn Chinese from his students. Needham's first encounter with Chinese culture occurred in 1937 when three Chinese medical students arrived to work with him at the Cambridge Biochemical Laboratory. At the time, Needham had already published works relating to the history of science, including his 1934 book titled A History of Embryology, and was open to expanding his historical scientific knowledge.
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Joseph Needham’s interest in the history of Chinese science developed while he worked as an Embryologist at Cambridge University. Joseph Needham, in 1988, surrounded by Chinese History and Sciences scholars. However, it was abandoned in favor of the pinyin system by the NRI board in April 2004, with Volume 5, Part 11 becoming the first to use the new system. chhi traditional Chinese: 氣 Mandarin Pinyin: qì). Needham's transliteration of Chinese characters uses the Wade-Giles system, though the aspirate apostrophe (e.g., ch'i) was rendered 'h' (viz. It also includes descriptions of nautical technology, sailing charts, and wheel-maps.
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Volume 3 of the encyclopedia was the first body of work to describe Chinese improvements to cartography, geology, seismology and mineralogy. The project is still continuing under the guidance of the Publications Board of the Needham Research Institute (NRI), chaired by Christopher Cullen.
CIVILIZATION V REVIEW SERIES
This project produced a series of volumes published by Cambridge University Press. In 1954, Needham-along with an international team of collaborators-initiated the project to study the science, technology, and civilisation of ancient China. īy asking his grand questions: why did modern science not develop in China, and why China was technologically superior to the West prior to the 16th century, Needham’s Science and Civilisation in China is also recognized as one of most influential works in stimulating the discourse on the multicultural roots of modern science. Needham's work was the first of its kind to praise Chinese scientific contributions and provide their history and connection to global knowledge in contrast to eurocentric historiography. The series was on the Modern Library Board's 100 Best Nonfiction books of the 20th century. To date there have been seven volumes in twenty-seven books. Needham was a well-respected scientist before undertaking this encyclopedia and was even responsible for the "S" in UNESCO. It was initiated and edited by British historian Joseph Needham (1900–1995). Science and Civilisation in China (1954–present) is an ongoing series of books about the history of science and technology in China published by Cambridge University Press. Science and Civilisation in China (Chinese translation)